Taoism is not a religion. Gods and the afterlife are vague, almost non-existant. It is all about here and now: how to live a pleasant life, without causing unnecessary commotion or distress. Tao, the Way, is a kind of natural law behind all of creation. The one who can harmonize with it is sure to find bliss.


Basically, there are two forms of Taoism: the philo­sophy and the religion. The former, which is the oldest, is called Tao chia (also spelled Dao jia), and the latter Tao chiao (Dao jiao). When westerners talk about Taoism as a religion, they refer to Tao chiao - often unknowingly. Tao chia has little to do with gods, the afterlife, and such matters. It is a philosophy for the here and now.
     The two major sources to Tao chia, the Taoist philosophy, are Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu,who both lived several centuries BC. Lao Tzu was the legendary writer of Tao Te Ching, the foremost classic of Taoism. Chuang Tzu has left behind a book named after him, with 33 chapters (whereof at least the first nine are regarded as of his making).
     On this website you find both these major works of Taoist philosophy:
     Tao Te Ching, translated by James Legge
     Chuang Tzu, translated by James Legge

Taoist religion, Tao chiao, which is not treated on this website, consisted of a number of rituals and traditions by which to prolong one's life, reach spiritual insight, and come to peace with existence. It is a very rich and complex tradition of mysticism and magical rites that emerged during the later part of the Han dynasty, around the beginning of the Christian Era.
     They referred to Tao Te Ching and other Taoist sources, but did so quite liberally, with interpretations that sometimes got very far from the texts they leaned on. For example, their ideas about longevity were based on Tao Te Ching's chapter 33, which ends with a line that they interpreted: "The one who dies without perishing gets a long life." Findings of the 1970's in Mawangdui show that the accurate reading of that line should be: "The one who dies without being forgotten gets a long life." This form of longevity - in the memory of others - is an old wisdom also found in many other cultures.
     Tao Te ching actually expresses no belief in a significantly prolonged life, and certainly not an eternal one.
     So, I dare say that the major sources of Taoism agree that Taoism is a philosophy, and not much of a religion.

Stefan Stenudd